ABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar alterações dimensionais em marcas de mordidas simuladas em um tipo de queijo e de goiabada com o decorrer do tempo. Materiais e Métodos: mordidas foram simuladas em 20 amostras-padrão formato retangular nas medidas 30 x 60 mm e espessura de 20 mm de queijo tipo muçarela (n=10) e goiabada (n=10) com a utilização de um manequim odontológico montado em oclusão normal e acoplado à máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos. Amostras foram mantidas em superfície de vidro em ambiente com temperatura e umidade controladas seguida da aferição das distâncias intercaninas das marcas a cada hora com auxílio de paquímetro digital, durante 120 horas de experimentação. A temperatura e umidade mantiveram-se constantes durante todo período. As medidas obtidas foram estatisticamente analisadas por meio dos testes de Friedman, de Wilcoxon, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e a partir da análise de regressão linear simples. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: os alimentos testados mantiveram o padrão das medidas lineares nas primeiras quatro horas (p>0,05). Após esse período, ocorreu uma deformação progressiva, levando ao aumento significativo das medidas (p<0,05). Conclusão: a marca de mordida em queijo tipo muçarela e goiabada apresentou-se dimensionalmente estável nas primeiras quatro horas, pós mordida. Após esse período, as marcas já não apresentaram características favoráveis para serem utilizadas como registro para fins de comparação.
Objective: to evaluate dimensional changes in simulated bite marks in a type of cheese and guava paste over time. Materials and Methods: Bites were simulated on 20 standard rectangular samples. in the measures 30 x 60 mm and thickness of 20 mm of mozzarella cheese (n=10) and guava paste (n=10) using a dental manikin mounted on normal occlusion and coupled to the universal mechanical testing machine. The samples were kept on a glass surface in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity , followed by the measurement of intercanine distances of the marks, every hour, with the aid of a caliper digital, during 120 hours of experimentation. The temperature and humidity remained constant throughout the period. The measurements obtained were statistically analyzed using the Friedman, Wilcoxon, Spearman's correlation coefficient and from the linear regression analysis simple (IBM SPSS. 21.0, 2012, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: the foods tested maintained the pattern of linear measurements in the first four hours (p>0.05). After this period, a progressive deformation occurred, leading to the significant increase in measurements (p<0.05). Conclusion: the bite mark in mozzarella cheese and guava paste it was dimensionally stable in the first four hours, post-bite. After this period, brands no longer have favorable characteristics to be used as a record for comparison purposes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bites, Human , Jaw Relation Record , Food , Forensic DentistryABSTRACT
Abstract Bitemark analysis is a challenging procedure in the field of criminal case investigation. The unique characteristics of dentition are used to find the best match between the existing patterned injury and the suspected perpetrator in bitemark identification. Bitemark analysis accuracy can be influenced by various factors, including biting pressure, tooth morphology, skin elasticity, dental cast duplication, timing, and image quality. This review article discusses the potential of a smartphone camera as an alternative method for 3D bitemark analysis. Bitemark evidence on human skin and food should be immediately recorded or duplicated to retrieve long-lasting proof, allowing for a sufficient examination period. Various studies utilizing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) technologies have been developed to obtain an adequate bitemark analysis. 3D imaging technology provides accurate and precise analysis. However, the currently available method using an intraoral scanner (IOS) requires high-cost specialized equipment and a well-trained operator. The numerous advantages of monoscopic photogrammetry may lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis in forensic odontology. Smartphone cameras and monoscopic photogrammetry methodology could lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis with an efficient cost and readily available equipment.
Subject(s)
Bites, Human/diagnostic imaging , Photogrammetry/instrumentation , Smartphone , Forensic Dentistry , Identity Recognition , Forensic Anthropology , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , OdontometryABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El análisis de huellas de mordedura para identificación forense puede ser clave para establecer la inocencia o culpabilidad del acusado. Sin embargo, esta evidencia ha sido cuestionada por su falta de consenso y objetividad, y por sus reportadas identificaciones erróneas. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática de casos indicando errores diagnósticos y sus caracterizaciones, y se discuten las recomendaciones realizadas para evitarlos. Se utilizó la estrategia ("bite mark" OR "bitemark") AND ("artefactual" OR "misidentification" OR "misdiagnosis" OR "mistake"), incluyendo casos de huellas de mordedura humana en piel con reportes de errores diagnósticos, excluyendo diseños experimentales, huellas en alimentos u objetos. Fueron seleccionados un total de 13 documentos reportando 21 casos, abarcando los años 1989 a 2014. Los patrones morfológicos con mayor reporte de error diagnóstico fueron los producidos por trauma cortante o contuso por otras causas (10 casos), seguidos de los producidos por condiciones médicas y tratamientos de emergencia (6 casos). Al menos tres de los casos tomaron estado público, dos de ellos con sentencia de muerte y uno con condena de 25 años a prisión perpetua. Se ha enfatizado el dar minuciosidad y estandarización a la evaluación morfológica de este tipo de evidencias por la importante cantidad de condenas erróneas. Esta revisión pone en evidencia la escasa exposición y análisis de estos errores, con la insuficiente información para un aprendizaje significativo crítico y diseño de herramientas para evitarlos. Se coincide en la necesidad de estandarizar y optimizar protocolos para estas evidencias y adoptar una conducta reflexiva para sus análisis con fines de identificación forense.
SUMMARY: Bite mark analysis for forensic identification can be key to establishing the innocence or guilt of the defendant. However, this evidence has been challenged for its lack of consensus and objectivity, and its reported misidentifications. We present a scoping review of cases indicating misidentifications and their characterizations, and recommendations for avoid them are discussed. The strategy ("bite mark" OR "bitemark") AND ("artifactual" OR "misidentification" OR "misdiagnosis" OR "mistake") was used, including cases of human bite marks on skin with reported misdiagnosis, excluding experimental designs, bite marks on food or objects. A total of 13 documents were selected reporting 21 cases, covering the years 1989 to 2014. The morphological patterns with the highest report of misdiagnosis were those produced by cutting or blunt trauma due to other causes (10 cases), followed by those produced by medical conditions and emergency treatments (6 cases). At least three of the cases became public, two of them with a death sentence, and one with a 25-year sentence to life in prison. The thoroughness and standardization of the morphological evaluation of this type of evidence has been emphasized due to the significant number of erroneous convictions. This review highlights the scarce exposure and analysis of these errors, with insufficient information for critical meaningful learning and the design of tools to avoid them. There is agreement on the need to standardize and optimize protocols for these evidences and adopt a reflective behavior for their analysis for forensic identification purposes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bites, Human , Diagnostic Errors , Forensic DentistryABSTRACT
Bite marks are increasingly common in violent cases such as child abuse and sex crimes. Bite marks are often the result of a suspect's attack or a victim's self-defense. Because human teeth vary in size, shape and arrangement, bite marks on objects such as skin and food are characteristic. By using this principle, forensic odontology can identify or exclude suspects by comparing actual bite marks with the teeth marks in the mouth. In this paper, the practical application of bite mark evidence, the research status and problems of bite mark analysis are briefly reviewed, and the prospect of bite mark analysis is also discussed.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bites, Human , Child Abuse , Face , Forensic Dentistry , ToothABSTRACT
Los estreptococos del grupo Streptococcus anginosus (GSA) comprenden uno de los grupos que conforman el grupo viridans de estreptococos y son parte de la microbiota humana habitual de la cavidad oral, del tracto respiratorio superior y del tracto gastrointestinal. Pueden producir colecciones purulentas de órganos sólidos, abscesos cutáneos y celulitis, entre otras infecciones. Este grupo posee numerosos factores de virulencia como hialuronidasa, adhesinas, enzimas extracelulares y hemolisinas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar tres casos clínicos de infecciones asociadas a traumatismos vinculados con la cavidad oral como golpes de puño o mordeduras humanas. En todos ellos, los GSA desarrollaron como germen único, lo que pone de manifiesto su importante rol en este tipo de infecciones.
The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is part of the viridans group streptococci and they belong to the normal human microbiota of the oral cavity, the upper respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract. It can produce purulent collections of solid organs, cutaneous abscesses and cellulitis, among other infections. This group has numerous virulence factors such as hyaluronidase, adhesins, extracellular enzymes and hemolysins. The objective of this work is to present three clinical cases of infections associated with trauma related to the oral cavity such as fist bumps or human bites. In all of them, the SAG developed as a single organism, which highlights its important role in this type of infection.
Os estreptococos do grupo do Streptococcus anginosus (GSA) são parte de um dos grupos que constituem o grupo viridans e fazem parte da microbiota normal da cavidade oral, do trato respiratório superior e do trato gastrointestinal dos seres humanos. Podem produzir coleções purulentas de órgãos sólidos, abscessos cutâneos e celulite, entre outras infecções. Este grupo possui numerosos fatores de virulência, como hialuronidases, adesinas, enzimas extracelulares e hemolisinas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar três casos clínicos de infecções associadas a traumatismos associados à cavidade oral, decorrentes de socos ou mordidas humanas. Em todos eles os GSA se desenvolveram como germe único, o que põe de manifesto seu papel importante nesse tipo de infecções.
Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds and Injuries , Bites and Stings , Bites, Human , Streptococcus anginosus , Mouth , Skin , Cellulitis , Streptococcus anginosus/classification , Virulence Factors , Abscess , Enzymes , Microbiota , Cellulite , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase , InfectionsABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of bite marks in foods in different conditions of time and temperature and their reliability as evidenced in criminal investigations. Sampling came from 20 subjects, who were instructed to bite five pieces of cheese and five pieces of chocolate. Bites were produced by the anterior teeth, from canine to canine, and the volunteers had their dental arches molded to obtain plaster models that were used for later comparison. The samples produced by each participant were stored and analyzed according to the temperature (room and refrigerator) and time period (immediately after, three days, seven days). The linear model with mixed effects using R Core Team and SAS Statistical Software were used for the statistical analysis. The results of this study reveal that the storage temperature of these materials does not exert a significant influence. Both chocolate and cheese showed better results when measurements were made shortly after, however the chocolate showed to be more stable in longer periods of time. By means of this study, it was possible to demonstrate that the storage temperature does not exert a significant influence. However, the bite marks found in foods with greater dimensional stability and short time intervals, are more reliable and allow their use as evidence in criminal investigations. Still, due to the limitations presented, we recommend its use for the exclusion of possible suspects and not for the suspects identification.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade das marcas de mordida em alimentos em diferentes condições de tempo e temperatura e sua confiabilidade como evidência em investigações criminais. A amostragem foi composta por 20 indivíduos, que foram instruídos a morder cinco pedaços de queijo e cinco pedaços de chocolate. As mordidas foram produzidas pelos dentes anteriores, de canino a canino, e os sujeitos da pesquisa tiveram seus arcos dentais moldados para obter modelos que foram usados para posterior comparação. As amostras produzidas por cada participante foram armazenadas e analisadas de acordo com a temperatura (ambiente e geladeira) e período de tempo (imediatamente, após três dias e sete dias). Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o modelo linear com efeitos mistos, utilizando R Core Team e SAS Statistical Software. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que a temperatura de armazenamento desses materiais não exerce influência significativa. Tanto o chocolate quanto o queijo apresentaram melhores resultados quando as mensurações foram feitas logo após, porém o chocolate mostrou-se mais estável em períodos mais longos. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível demonstrar que a temperatura de armazenamento não exerce influência significativa. Entretanto, as marcas de mordida encontradas em alimentos com maior estabilidade dimensional e intervalos de tempo curtos são mais confiáveis e permitem seu uso como evidência em investigações criminais. Ainda assim, devido às limitações apresentadas, recomendamos seu uso para a exclusão de possíveis suspeitos e não para a individualização dos mesmos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bites, Human , Criminals , Temperature , Reproducibility of Results , Forensic DentistryABSTRACT
Son ampliamente conocidos por los pediatras los procedimientos a seguir ante las heridas inflingidas a un niño por perros, gatos o por otros seres humanos. En esta actualización se detallan los microorganismos causales de infecciones posteriores a mordeduras, enfatizando aquellos vinculados a agresiones de otros animales. En casos de mordeduras por animales de granja, salvajes (en especial reptiles) y acuáticos es necesario considerar la inclusión, en el esquema profiláctico empírico inicial, antibióticos activos frente a enterobacterias, Aeromonas, Vibrio y Pseudomonas. En el caso de mordeduras de monos se debe tener en cuenta la posibilidad de infecciones virales potencialmente fatales, en las provocadas por roedores, la esporotricosis y en las producidas por animales acuáticos, las micobacterias atípicas como Mycobacterium marinum o Mycobacterium haemophilum, dado que desarrollan en medios para micobacterias pero a 30ºC (AU)
The adequate procedures to follow in children with bite wounds inflicted by dogs, cats, or by other human beings are well known by pediatricians. This update describes microorganisms that may cause infections in bite wounds, with a focus on those caused by other animals. In bite injuries caused by farm, wild (especially reptiles), and aquatic animals, antibiotics effective against Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas should be included in the initial empirical prophylactic treatment scheme. In case of bite injuries caused by monkeys, the possibility of potentially fatal viral infections should be taken into account, in the case of bites by rodents the possibility of sporotricosis should be considered, and in bite wounds inflicted by aquatic animals atypical mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium haemophilum, should be taken into account as they develop in an environment for mycobacteria, but at 30ºC (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Bites and Stings/microbiology , Bites and Stings/mortality , Bites, HumanABSTRACT
Replantation using microvascular anastomosis is considered to be the optimal method in treating the amputated ear in terms of resulting color, texture, and shape. Only a few cases of ear replantation have been reported because it is anatomically difficult to identify suitable vessels for anastomosis. We successfully replanted the amputated helical rim of the ear using single arterial anastomosis. A 37-year-old man had his helical rim amputated by a human bite. The amputee was about 4 × 1 cm in dimension, composed of skin and soft tissue including auricular cartilage. Replantation was performed anastomosing a small artery of the amputee with a terminal branch of the posterior auricular artery. After replantation, intravenous heparinization was performed and prostaglandin E1 and aspirin were administered. Venous congestion was decompressed by stab incisions applied with heparin solution soaked gauze. Venous congestion of the amputee slowly began to resolve at 4 days after the operation. The amputated segment of the helical rim survived completely with good aesthetic shape and color. The authors propose that performing microvascular anastomosis should be attempted especially if it is possible to detect vessels on cut surfaces of ear amputee and stump. Proper postoperative care for venous congestion, arterial insufficiency, and infection should be followed for amputee survival.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Alprostadil , Amputation, Surgical , Amputees , Arteries , Aspirin , Bites, Human , Ear , Ear Cartilage , Heparin , Hyperemia , Methods , Microsurgery , Postoperative Care , Replantation , SkinABSTRACT
Introducción: la queiloscopía es una técnica de individualización estomatológica forense que clasifica las huellas labiales coadyuvando en la identidad de un sujeto tanto en el ámbito civil como en el penal. Una de las clasificaciones queiloscópicas más utilizadas es la de Renaud, la cual clasifica a las huellas labiales en 10 tipos. Objetivo: en Nayarit, no se cuenta con estudios de individualización estomatológica, por esto el objetivo del estudio fue identificar el tipo de huellas labiales que prevalecen en estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal de tipo descriptivo en una muestra de 110 estudiantes entre 18 y 24 años de la Unidad Académica de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, México. Se tomaron fotografías de los labios a una distancia de 5 cm con cámara fotográfica Samsung, dv150f, 16mp., los cuales fueron evaluados visualmente con el método de queiloscopía de Renaud. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los surcos encontrados con mayor prevalencia fueron tipo G, seguidos del tipo C y con menor frecuencia el tipo J. Conclusiones: la huella labial es única en cada persona, siendo el tipo C el segundo lugar en prevalencia, resultado que presenta similitud con poblaciones del continente americano. Se recomienda realizar más estudios en diferentes grupos de poblaciones mexicanas.
Background: the cheiloscopy is a technique of forensic stomatological individualization that classifies the labial traces contributing to the identity of a subject in both the civil and criminal areas. One of the most commonly used cheiloscopic classifications is Renaud Ìs, which classifies lip prints into 10 types. Objective: in Nayarit, there are no studies of stomatologic individualization, so the objective of this study was to identify the type of lip prints that prevail in dental students. Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 110 students between 18 and 24 years of age of the Unidad Académica de Odontología of the Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Mexico. Photographs were taken of the lips at a distance of 5 cm with Samsung camera dv150f, 16 mp and evaluated visually with the method of cheiloscopy by Renaud. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: the grooves found with the highest prevalence were type G followed by type C and with less frequency type J. Conclusions: the labial trace is unique in each person, being the C type the second in prevalence, result that presents / displays similarity with populations of the American continent. It is recommended to do more studies in different groups of the mexican population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Dentistry , Bites, Human , Dentistry , Observational Study , Lip , MexicoABSTRACT
Objective: To document the pattern of HBM seen in police clinic Benin City Nigeria.Methods: This is a review of all the human bite mark (HBM) seen at the police clinic.Results:HBM were seen in 68 cases of assault and included 90 separate bites. The youngest victim was 10 years old while the oldest was 59 years with a mean age of 31.9±9.68. Age group 30-39 years accounted for most cases. Female victims were more in number both as victims and as assailants. About 94.1% of the assailants were known. The major events that lead to the use of human bite(HB) were quarrel and fights which accounted for 98.5% of cases.HB was mainly used in conjunction with other weapons. About 77.9% of the HB had single bite marks while complete tissue avulsion were seen in 1.5% of cases. The arm was the commonest site (17.8%), closely followed by the fingers (15.6%).Conclusion: This will serve as a baseline data in Nigeria, while we strongly advocate the development of a proforma for HBM examination following ABFO guideline and HIV PEP for victims with grade 4 HBM and above
Subject(s)
Bites, Human , Nigeria , Physical Abuse , Weapons , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Objective: To characterize non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors, methods, and functions as well as suicide ideation in the adolescent population of a Portuguese community in São Miguel Island, Azores. Increasing rates of NSSI behaviors among adolescents have been observed globally, while suicidal behavior has been pointed as a major cause of death during adolescence. Methods: A sample of 1,763 adolescents, aged 14 to 22, was randomly drawn from public and private schools and administered a set of self-report questionnaires. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to look for specific relationships and predictors of NSSI and suicide ideation in this isolated community. Results: Approximately 30% of youths reported at least one NSSI behavior, a rate that is twice as high as most studies carried out in mainland Portugal and in other European countries. Biting oneself was the most frequent form of NSSI, and NSSI behaviors served predominantly automatic reinforcement purposes (i.e., regulation of disruptive emotional states). NSSI and suicide ideation encompassed different distal and proximal risk factors. Conclusions: Exploring and characterizing these phenomena is necessary to provide a better understanding, enhance current conceptualizations, and guide the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies in youths.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior , Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology , Suicidal Ideation , Risk-Taking , Azores/epidemiology , Bites, Human/psychology , Bites, Human/epidemiology , Prevalence , Predictive Value of Tests , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Problem Behavior/psychology , Behavior Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Impulsive BehaviorABSTRACT
El presente trabajo trata acerca de aspectos inherentes a la odontología legal, a fin de difundir la importancia del perito odontólogo en la identificación humana mediante el análisis de estructuras anatómicas del sistema estomatognático. Los dientes que presentan una elevada resistencia a los agentes externos son empleados a veces por las víctimas como unarma de defensa ante sus atacantes, o por estos últimos para dominar a las primeras. Dado que los dientes alojan el ADN en su interior, las huellas de mordeduras representan evidencias físicas que pueden permitir identificar a los involucrados en un suceso delictivo. Se mencionan programas informáticos para facilitar la conformación de bases de datos de información odontológica, poniendo énfasis en el correcto registro yarchivo por parte del odontólogo en la práctica clínica para contribuir con el accionar de aquellos colegas que se desempeñan como auxiliares de la Justicia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Dentistry/trends , Dental Records , Bites, Human , Forensic Genetics/methods , Autopsy/methods , Technology, Dental/methods , SoftwareABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Humans , Bites, Human , Ear , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , TransplantsABSTRACT
When hand injuries caused by human bite are overlooked and they can progress to pyogenic arthritis. Pyogenic arthritis is difficult to treat and can make severe sequelae in the joints. We report a case of pyogenic arthritis of the hand that occurred after human bite injury in adolescent treated with wide debridement and external fixator. Our literature searches revealed that the use of external fixator is good treatment option for the treatment of pyogenic arthritis of the hand.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Arthritis , Bites, Human , Debridement , External Fixators , Hand , Hand Injuries , Joints , Metacarpophalangeal JointABSTRACT
We reported a 30 years old man who suffered a bite wound of the right hand in a fight. Two days after the injury, he was admitted in emergency because of stab wound above the head of the third metacarpal bone. He presented the swelling, redness, pain and fever. Primary revision confirmed only partial lesion of the extensor apparatus. During the following days, we recorded a deterioration of local findings and magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the thirdmetacarpophalangeal joint. The wound was then revised several times using negative pressure wound therapy in combination with intravenous antibiotics. After resolution of clinical and laboratory findings, the wound was finally closed by delayed primary suture. Clenched fist injury is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical revision. We treated clenched fist injury with the development of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis with negative pressure wound therapy and obtained good outcomes.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Arthritis, Infectious , Therapeutics , Bites, Human , Metacarpophalangeal Joint , Wounds and Injuries , Metacarpus , Wounds and Injuries , Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy , Osteomyelitis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Human bite injury to the eyelid is extremely rare and poses a significant challenge in surgical reconstruction. We report an extremely rare case of human bite injury to the eyelid in a 43-year-old male with approximately 60% full thickness loss of the upper eyelid and 80% to 90% full thickness loss of the lower eyelid and its successful reconstruction using the local advancement cheek flap.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Humans , Male , Bites, Human , Cheek , EyelidsABSTRACT
Animal bites are a common problem managed by primary physicians and often involve wound infection, neurovascular injury, poor cosmetic outcome, and high medical costs. During clinical assessment, a thorough medical history is acquired, including details of the bite circumstances and the patient's immune status and vaccination history. A meticulous physical examination should be performed in order to identify any injuries to deep structures, in addition to exploring the wound by creating a narrow opening and using diagnostic tools such as radiograph and ultrasound where necessary. Infection is the most problematic complication after a bite injury. Cleaning, irrigation, and debridement are the most important steps in preventing infection. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is controversial, but probably indicated in immunocompromised individuals and in anatomical areas that are more likely to be infected, such as the hand and foot. The decision to close a bite wound must be based on consideration of the benefit of a good cosmetic outcome and the increased risk of infection. In Korea, human rabies has not occurred since 2005, but the transmission of rabies is still a concern with animal bites. The transmission of viral hepatitis, herpes virus and human immunodeficiency virus can occur following human bites. To prevent the transmission of various viruses, healthcare providers should know the guidelines for post-bite exposure prophylaxis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bites and Stings , Bites, Human , Debridement , Foot , Hand , Health Personnel , Hepatitis , HIV , Immunization , Korea , Physical Examination , Rabies , Ultrasonography , Vaccination , Wound Infection , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Os ferimentos ocasionados por mordedura humana são geralmente tidos como portadores de maior incidência de complicações infecciosas, pois possuem alto índice de contaminação. O tratamento dessas lesões é controverso, principalmente no que se refere à sutura primária e à profilaxia de doenças infecto-contagiosas originadas a partir do contato da saliva do agressor com a ferida. O atendimento desses doentes na urgência consiste no controle da infecção, reabilitação funcional e consequentemente estética, a fim de minimizar danos psíquicos e possibilitar retorno ao convívio social. O presente trabalho relata um caso de uma extensa avulsão de lábio inferior decorrente de agressão por mordedura humana. A reconstrução inicial foi possível através de avanço de retalhos laterais, associada à antibioticoterapia específica. Desta forma foi obtido um resultado estético e funcional satisfatório, sem complicações infecciosas pós operatórias ou deiscências de suturas, a continência oral foi preservada, bem como a sensibilidade e a mobilidade labial... (AU)
Injuries caused by human bites are generally considered to be more incidence of infectious complications, as they have a high rate of contamination. The treatment of these lesions is controversial, especially with regard to primary suturing and disease prophylaxis. Infectious-contagious caused by contact between the aggressor's saliva and the wound. the service of these patients in the emergency room consists of infection control, functional rehabilitation and, consequently, aesthetics, in order to minimize psychic damage and enable a return to social life. The present work reports a case of an extensive avulsion of the lower lip resulting from human bite aggression. The initial reconstruction was possible through the advancement of lateral flaps, associated with specific antibiotic therapy. In this way, a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result was obtained, without complications. Postoperative infectious diseases or suture dehiscence, oral continence was preserved, as well as the lip sensitivity and mobility... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Wound Infection , Bites, Human , Facial Injuries , Lip/surgery , Lip/injuriesABSTRACT
To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficult laryngoscopic intubation. Cross sectional Study. The study was carried out at Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009. Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled after written informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification [MMP] and the Upper lip bite test [ULBT]. MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view was graded by Cormack and Lehane classification [Gold standard]. Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4 to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were calculated for both the tests separately by using the 2x2 table. ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% and positive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%. The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that it be compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations